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Home / What Thoughts Do You Have About Meg Personality as You Read These Chapters

What Thoughts Do You Have About Meg Personality as You Read These Chapters

1962 science fantasy novel by Madeleine L'Engle

A Wrinkle in Fourth dimension
WrinkleInTimePBA1.jpg

First-edition dust jacket
Author Madeleine L'Engle
Illustrator Ellen Raskin (1960s editions)
Country U.s.a.
Linguistic communication English language
Genre Young Developed, Science fantasy
Publisher Ariel Books

Publication date

 January 1, 1962
OCLC 22421788
LC Form PZ7.L5385 Wr 1962[1]
Followed by A Air current in the Door

A Wrinkle in Time is a young adult novel written by American author Madeleine L'Engle. First published in 1962,[2] the book won the Newbery Medal, the Sequoyah Book Award, the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award, and was runner-upwards for the Hans Christian Andersen Award.[3] [a] The main characters—One thousand thousand Murry, Charles Wallace Murry, and Calvin O'Keefe—commence on a journey through infinite and time, from galaxy to galaxy, as they endeavor to save the Murrys' father and the world. The novel offers a glimpse into the war between light and darkness, and good and evil, equally the young characters mature into adolescents on their journey.[4] The novel wrestles with questions of spirituality and purpose, as the characters are often thrown into conflicts of love, divinity, and goodness.[iv] It is the get-go book in L'Engle'due south Time Quintet, which follows the Murrys and Calvin O'Keefe.

50'Engle modeled the Murry family on her ain. Scholar Bernice E. Cullinan noted that L'Engle created characters who "share mutual joy with a mixed fantasy and science fiction setting."[v] The novel's scientific and religious undertones are therefore highly cogitating of the life of L'Engle.[6]

The book has inspired two moving-picture show adaptations, both by Disney: a 2003 television film directed by John Kent Harrison, and a 2018 theatrical film directed past Ava DuVernay.

Background [edit]

Raised in the Upper East Side of Manhattan, author Madeleine L'Engle began writing at a young age.[7] Afterwards graduating from boarding school in Switzerland, she attended Smith College, where she earned a degree in English.[8] In addition to writing, L'Engle also gained experience equally an role player and playwright.[seven] At age forty, she well-nigh abased her career every bit a novelist, but continued to write after her publication of Meet the Austins.[7]

L'Engle wrote A Wrinkle in Fourth dimension between 1959 and 1960.[9] In her memoir, A Circle of Quiet (1972), 50'Engle explains that the book was conceived "during a time of transition."[ten] After years of living in rural Goshen, Connecticut where they ran a general store, L'Engle'south family, the Franklins, moved dorsum to New York City, first taking a 10-week camping ground trip beyond the land. L'Engle writes that "we drove through a earth of deserts and buttes and leafless mountains, wholly new and alien to me. And of a sudden into my mind came the names, Mrs Whatsit. Mrs Who. Mrs Which."[11] This was in the spring of 1959. When asked for more information in an interview with Horn Book magazine in 1983, L'Engle responded "I cannot possibly tell y'all how I came to write it. It was simply a book I had to write. I had no pick. It was only afterward information technology was written that I realized what some of it meant." 50'Engle has as well described the novel as her "psalm of praise to life, [her] stand for life against death."[12]

Additionally, 50'Engle drew upon her interest in science. The novel includes references to Einstein's theory of relativity and Planck's quantum theory.[7]

A Wrinkle in Time is the first novel in the Time Quintet, a series of five young adult novels written by Madeleine L'Engle.[13] Later books include A Wind in the Door, A Swiftly Tilting Planet, Many Waters, and An Acceptable Time.[xiii] The series follows the adventures of Million Murry, her youngest brother Charles Wallace Murry, their friend Calvin O'Keefe, and her twin siblings Sandy and Dennys Murry.[xiii] Throughout the series, the friends band together to travel through space and time as they attempt to save the world from the grasps of evil.[xiii]

Publication history [edit]

Upon completion in 1960, the novel was rejected by at to the lowest degree 26 publishers, because information technology was, in Fifty'Engle's words, "besides unlike," and "because it deals overtly with the trouble of evil, and it was really hard for children, and was it a children's or an adults' book, anyhow?"[2] [11]

In "A Special Bulletin from Madeleine L'Engle" on the Random House website, L'Engle offers another possible reason for the rejections: "A Wrinkle in Time had a female protagonist in a scientific discipline fiction volume," which at the fourth dimension was uncommon.[14] Later on trying "xl-odd" publishers (L'Engle later said "twenty-six rejections"), L'Engle's agent returned the manuscript to her. And so at Christmas, L'Engle threw a tea political party for her mother. One of the guests happened to know John C. Farrar of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, and he insisted that L'Engle should meet with him.[14] Although the publisher did not, at the time, publish a line of children's books, Farrar met 50'Engle, liked the novel, and ultimately published information technology under the Ariel banner.[14]

In 1963, the book won the Newbery Medal, an annual accolade given past the Association for Library Service to Children, a division of the American Library Association, to the author of the most distinguished contribution to American children's literature. The book has been continuously in print since its first publication. The hardback edition is still published past Farrar, Straus & Giroux. The original bluish dust jacket by Ellen Raskin was replaced with new art by Leo and Diane Dillon, with the publication of A Swiftly Tilting Planet in 1978. The book has likewise been published in a 25th anniversary collectors' edition (limited to 500 signed and numbered copies), at least two book club editions (one hardback, ane Scholastic Book Services paperback), as a trade paperback nether the Dell Yearling imprint, and as a mass market place paperback under the Dell Laurel-Leaf banner. The comprehend fine art on the paperback editions has changed several times since its kickoff publication.[ commendation needed ]

The book was reissued by Foursquare Fish in merchandise and mass market paperback formats in May 2007, along with the residual of the Time Quintet. This new edition includes a previously unpublished interview with 50'Engle too as a transcription of her Newbery Medal acceptance spoken language.[15]

Plot summary [edit]

I night, thirteen-yr-old Meg Murry meets an eccentric new neighbor, Mrs Whatsit, who refers to something called a tesseract. She subsequently finds out it is a scientific concept her begetter was working on before his mysterious disappearance. The following twenty-four hour period, One thousand thousand, her child genius brother Charles, and fellow schoolmate Calvin visit Mrs Whatsit's home, where the equally strange Mrs Who and the unseen voice of Mrs Which promise to aid Meg find and rescue her father.

Mrs Whatsit, Mrs Who, and Mrs Which turn out to be supernatural beings who ship Meg, Charles Wallace, and Calvin O'Keefe through the universe by means of a tesseract, a fifth-dimensional phenomenon explained equally folding the cloth of infinite and time; this form of travel is called tessering. Their first stop is the planet Uriel, a Utopian earth filled with Centaur-similar beings who live in a country of light and dear. The Mrs Ws reveal to the children that the universe is nether assail from an evil being who appears as a big dark cloud chosen The Black Affair, which is substantially the personification of evil. The children are taken to Orion's Belt to visit the Happy Medium, a woman with a crystal ball through which they encounter that Globe is partially covered by the darkness, although great religious figures, philosophers, scientists, and artists take been fighting against information technology. Mrs Whatsit is revealed to be a former star who exploded in an act of cocky-sacrifice to fight the darkness.

The children travel to the dark planet of Camazotz, which has succumbed to the Black Thing and where Million's male parent is trapped because he would not succumb to the grouping mind that causes inhabitants to acquit in a mechanical fashion. In order to find their father, Charles Wallace deliberately allows himself to be hypnotized. He takes Meg and Calvin to the place where Meg'south father, Alexander, is being held prisoner. Charles Wallace and then takes them to It, the evil disembodied encephalon with powerful abilities that controls the planet. Using special powers from Mrs Who's glasses, Alexander tessers Calvin, Meg, and himself to the planet Ixchel earlier Information technology can control them all. Charles Wallace is left backside, yet nether the influence of It and Meg is paralyzed from injuries sustained during the trip. An inhabitant of the planet with featureless faces, tentacles and iv arms proves to be both wise and gentle and cures Meg's paralysis, prompting her to nickname it "Aunt Beast".

The trio of Mrs Whatsit, Mrs Who, and Mrs Which go far and charge Meg with rescuing Charles Wallace from IT. Arriving at the building where Information technology resides, they notice Charles Wallace under Information technology'southward influence. Inspired by hints from the Mrs Ws, One thousand thousand focuses all her beloved at Charles Wallace and is able to complimentary him from It's control. They all then tesser back to Earth and the Mrs Ws leave.

Characters [edit]

Main characters [edit]

Margaret "Meg" Murry [edit]

Meg is the oldest child of scientists Alex and Kate Murry, about xiii years former. Introduced on the first page of the book, she is the story's main protagonist One of Kate Murry'due south "abnormal" children, she seems to have a temper and a difficult time focusing in school.

Charles Wallace Murry [edit]

Charles Wallace is the youngest Murry child, at six years old. Charles Wallace speaks but to his family unit, just can empathically or telepathically read certain people's thoughts and feelings.

Calvin O'Keefe [edit]

Calvin is the third oldest of Paddy and Branwen O'Keefe's eleven children: a tall, sparse, red-haired 14-twelvemonth-onetime high schoolhouse junior.

Supernatural characters [edit]

Mrs Whatsit, Mrs Who, and Mrs Which [edit]

Mrs Whatsit, Mrs Who, and Mrs Which are immortal beings who tin can travel across large stretches of time and space by dematerializing and rematerializing. They are capable of shapeshifting, only spend most of their time on Globe every bit elderly women.

Mrs Whatsit [edit]

Mrs Whatsit is the youngest of the Mrs Ws (despite beingness 2,379,152,497 years, 8 months, and iii days sometime), and interacts with the children.

Mrs Who [edit]

Mrs Who communicates in Latin, Spanish, Italian, German, French, Portuguese, and Greek.

Mrs Which [edit]

Mrs Which is the leader of the iii women and the wisest.

IT [edit]

Electric current book cover art (2007) past Taeeun Yoo, showing the Mrs Ws (at the left) and the children at the CENTRAL Central Intelligence building (at the right).

"IT" is the bodiless, telepathic brain that dominates the planet of Camazotz. IT is described every bit a behemothic-sized man brain. While IT usually speaks through ane of its pawns, It can speak directly to people via telepathy.

The Black Affair [edit]

The Black Thing, a formless, shadowy being, is the source of all evil in the universe.

Secondary characters [edit]

Alex Murry [edit]

Alex Murry, the begetter of the Murry children, is a physicist who is researching the mysteries of the space/fourth dimension continuum. At the start of the novel, he has been missing for some fourth dimension.

Dr. Katherine "Kate" Murry [edit]

Katherine Murry, the mother of the Murry children, is a microbiologist. She is considered beautiful past the Murry children and others, having "flaming red hair", creamy skin, and violet eyes with long dark lashes.

Sandy and Dennys Murry [edit]

Sandy and his twin brother Dennys are the middle children in the Murry family, older than Charles Wallace but younger than Meg. They are 10 years quondam at the time of this book. The twins are depicted every bit inseparable from ane another. They are the just "normal" and accustomed children in the Murry family.

Mrs. Buncombe [edit]

Mrs. Buncombe is the wife of the constable in Meg's hometown.

Mr. Jenkins [edit]

Mr. Jenkins is Meg'southward loftier-schoolhouse master who implies that her family is in denial about Mr. Murry'south true whereabouts.

Supporting conflicting characters [edit]

Happy Medium [edit]

The Happy Medium is human in appearance. She uses her powers and a crystal ball to look at distant places and people. She lives in a cave on a planet in Orion's Belt.

Aunt Beast [edit]

Aunt Beast (a name created by Meg) is a grapheme who nurses and befriends Meg on the planet Ixchel. The grapheme is a 4-armed eyeless grey creature with telepathic abilities and numerous long, waving tentacles instead of fingers. The graphic symbol's actual name, if any, is not given.

Analysis [edit]

Religious analysis [edit]

The novel is highly spiritualized, with notable influences of divine intervention and prominent undertones of religious letters.[sixteen] According to scholar James Beasley Simpson, the overwhelming honey and desire for calorie-free within the novel is straight representative of a Christian love for God and Jesus Christ.[xvi] Furthermore, the children run into spiritual intervention, signaling God's presence in the ordinary, likewise as the extendibility of God's power and love.[4] Madeleine L'Engle's fantasy works are in part highly expressive of her Christian viewpoint in a manner somewhat similar to that of Christian fantasy writer C. S. Lewis. She was herself the official writer-in-residence at New York City's Episcopal Cathedral of St. John the Divine, which is known for its prominent position in the liberal fly of the Episcopal Church building.[17] L'Engle's liberal Christianity has been the target of criticism from more conservative Christians, especially with respect to certain elements of A Wrinkle in Time.[18]

Fifty'Engle utilizes numerous religious references and allusions in the naming of locations within the novel. The proper noun Camazotz refers to a Mayan bat god, one of L'Engle'due south many mythological allusions in her nomenclature.[19] The name Ixchel refers to a Mayan jaguar goddess of medicine.[xix] Uriel is a planet with extremely alpine mountains, an innuendo to the Archangel Uriel. It is inhabited by creatures that resemble winged centaurs. Information technology is "the 3rd planet of the Star Malak (significant 'angel' in Hebrew) in the spiral nebula Messier 101", which would place information technology at roughly 21 million light-years from Earth.[twenty] The site of Mrs Whatsit'south temporary transformation into one of these winged creatures, it is the place where "the guardian angels show the questers a vision of the universe that is obscured on globe."[xx] The 3 women are described every bit ancient star-beings who human action as guardian angels.[twenty]

The theme of picturing the fight of good against evil as a battle of low-cal and darkness is a recurring one. Its manner is reminiscent of the prologue to the Gospel of John, which is quoted within the volume.[5] When the Mrs Ws reveal their underground roles in the catholic fight confronting darkness, they ask the children to name some figures on Earth, a partially dark planet, who fight the darkness. They name Jesus and, after in the word, Buddha is named every bit well.

Nevertheless, religious journalist Sarah Pulliam Bailey doubts whether the novel contains religious undertones.[6] Bailey explains that many readers somehow believe the novel promotes witchcraft, as opposed to alluding to Christian spirituality.[6] Bailey states that conservative Christians have offense, due to the novel's potential relativistic qualities, suggesting the various interpretations of religious allusions signals anti-Christian sentiments.[6] However, in her personal journal referencing A Wrinkle in Time, L'Engle confirms the religious content inside the novel: "If I've ever written a volume that says what I experience almost God and the universe, this is it."[6]

Conformity [edit]

Further, the themes of conformity and the status quo are present. IT is a powerful dominant group that manipulates the planet of Camazotz into conformity. Even Charles Wallace falls prey and is hence persuaded to adjust. It is cheers to One thousand thousand that she and her family are able to break from conformity.[21] According to the author'southward granddaughter Charlotte Jones Voiklis, the story was not a simple apologue of communism; in a three-page passage that was cut before publication, the process of domination and conformity is said to exist an outcome of dictatorship under totalitarian regimes and by an excessive desire of security under democratic countries.[22] [23]

Scholar Jean Fulton writes:

"L'Engle's fiction for young readers is considered important partly considering she was amid the first to focus directly on the deep, frail issues that young people must face, such as death, social conformity, and truth. 50'Engle's piece of work always is uplifting because she is able to look at the surface values of life from a perspective of wholeness, both joy and hurting, transcending each to uncover the absolute nature of human being feel that they share."[24]

Conformity within Camazotz [edit]

Camazotz is a planet of extreme, enforced conformity, ruled by a disembodied encephalon chosen Information technology. Camazotz is similar to World, with familiar trees such every bit birches, pines, and maples, an ordinary hill on which the children arrive, and a boondocks with smokestacks, which "might have been 1 of whatsoever number of familiar towns". The horror of the identify arises from its ordinary appearance, endlessly duplicated. The houses are "all exactly alike, pocket-sized square boxes painted grey", which, according to writer Donald Hettinga, signals a comparing to "the burgeoning American bourgeoisie", such as the postal service-war housing developments of Levittown, Pennsylvania.[25] The people who live in the houses are similarly described equally "mother figures" who "all gave the appearance of being the same". Scholar William Blackburn draws a comparing to "an early on sixties American prototype of life in a Communist country", a characterization Blackburn afterward dismissed.[26]

Feminism [edit]

A Wrinkle in Time has also received praise for empowering young female readers.[27] Critics have historic 50'Engle's depiction of Million Murry, a young, precocious heroine whose curiosity and intellect help save the world from evil.[28] The New York Times has described this portrayal every bit "a departure from the typical 'girls' book' protagonist - as wonderful as many of those varied characters are".[29] In doing so, L'Engle has been credited for paving the way for other bright heroines, including Hermione Granger of the Harry Potter volume series, as well as Katniss Everdeen of the Hunger Games trilogy.[28] Regarding her selection to include a female protagonist, L'Engle has stated in her credence oral communication upon receiving the Margaret Edwards Award "I'k a female. Why would I give all the best ideas to a male?"[28]

Reception [edit]

At the time of the book'south publication, Kirkus Reviews said: "Readers who bask symbolic reference may find this trip through time and space an exhilarating experience; the rest will be forced to ponder the double entendres."[thirty] According to The Horn Volume Magazine: "Hither is a defoliation of science, philosophy, satire, organized religion, literary allusions, and quotations that will no doubt have many critics. I found information technology fascinating... Information technology makes unusual demands on the imagination and consequently gives great rewards."[31] In a retrospective essay most the Newbery Medal-winning books from 1956 to 1965, librarian Carolyn Horovitz wrote: "In that location is no question merely that the book is good entertainment and that the writer carries the story along with a great deal of verve; there is some question about the depth of its quality."[32] In a 2011 essay for Tor.com, American writer and critic Mari Ness called A Wrinkle in Time "a book that refuses to talk downward to its readers, believing them able to grasp the hard concepts of mathematics, love and the battle between skilful and evil. And that'due south quite something."[33]

A 2004 report found that A Contraction in Time was a mutual read-aloud book for sixth-graders in schools in San Diego County, California.[34] Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association listed the book equally 1 of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children."[35] It was one of the "Top 100 Chapter Books" of all time in a 2012 poll by School Library Journal.[36]

In 2016, the novel saw a spike in sales afterward Chelsea Clinton mentioned information technology as influential in her childhood in a speech at the 2016 Autonomous National Convention.[37]

Controversy [edit]

A Wrinkle in Time is on the American Library Association listing of the 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books of 1990–2000 at number 23.[38] The novel has been defendant of existence both anti-religious and anti-Christian for its inclusion of witches and crystal balls and for containing "New Age" spiritualist themes that do non reflect traditional Christian teachings.[39] [40] According to USA Today, the novel was challenged in a schoolhouse district in the state of Alabama due to the "book's listing the name of Jesus Christ together with the names of great artists, philosophers, scientists and religious leaders when referring to those who defend Earth confronting evil."[41] The novel was also challenged in 1984 by an elementary school in Polk Metropolis, Florida when parents claimed that the novel promoted witchcraft.[42]

Regarding this controversy, author Madeleine L'Engle told The New York Times: "It seems people are willing to damn the book without reading information technology. Nonsense about witchcraft and fantasy. First I felt horror, then anger, and finally I said, 'Aw, the hell with it.' Information technology's great publicity, really."[43]

Adaptations [edit]

Sound books [edit]

In 1994, Listening Library released an unabridged, 4-cassette audio edition read past the writer.[44]

On January 10, 2012, Audible released a 50th anniversary edition recorded past Hope Davis.[45]

Movie adaptations [edit]

In 2003, a television adaptation of the novel was fabricated by a collaboration of Canadian production companies, to be distributed in the The states past Disney. The movie was directed by John Kent Harrison, with a teleplay by Susan Shilliday. Information technology stars Katie Stuart as Meg Murry, Alfre Woodard as Mrs. Whatsit, Alison Elliott as Mrs. Who, and Kate Nelligan as Mrs. Which. In an interview with MSNBC/Newsweek, when L'Engle was asked if the film "met her expectations", she said, "I have glimpsed it... I expected it to be bad, and information technology is."[46]

A theatrical feature motion picture accommodation of the novel, by Walt Disney Pictures, was released in 2018. The moving picture was directed by Ava DuVernay and written by Jennifer Lee and Jeff Stockwell. Information technology stars Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling, Chris Pine, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Tempest Reid, Michael Peña, and Zach Galifianakis.[47] [48]

Play [edit]

An accommodation by James Sie premiered at the Lifeline Theatre in Chicago in 1990, and it returned to the phase in 1998 and 2017.[49]

John Glore adjusted the novel as a play that premiered in 2010. It was written for half-dozen actors playing 12 parts. I actor plays Mrs Whatsit, the Human being with Crimson Eyes, and Camazotz Human. Dr. Kate Murry, Mrs Who, Camazotz Adult female, and Aunt Brute likewise share ane performer. The stage adaptation premiered in Costa Mesa, California, with productions in Bethesda, Maryland; Cincinnati; Philadelphia; Orlando; Portland, Oregon; and other cities.[50] [51]

An adaptation by Tracy Immature premiered at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in April 2014, every bit well equally at colleges and theaters around the U.S.[52]

Opera [edit]

In 1992, OperaDelaware (known for frequently adapting children'south books) staged an opera based on A Wrinkle in Time written by Libby Larsen with a libretto by Walter Light-green. The review in Philly.com stated: "The composer does not place arias and set pieces, simply conversational ensembles with spoken dialogue that made the young daughter'south climactic but concise song almost familial dear all the more imposing."[53] [54]

Graphic novel [edit]

In 2010, Hope Larson appear that she was writing and illustrating the official graphic novel version of the volume. This version was published by Farrar, Straus & Giroux in Oct 2012.[55] [56]

Farther reading [edit]

Concerning A Wrinkle in Fourth dimension [edit]

  • Scholastic BookFiles: A Reading Guide to A Contraction in Time ISBN 0-439-46364-5
  • Chase, Carole F. Suncatcher: A Study of Madeleine L'Engle and Her Writing, p. 170. Innisfree Press, 1998, ISBN 1-880913-31-iii

Come across also [edit]

  • Tunnel Through Fourth dimension
  • Wormhole

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ The biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award for children's writing was inaugurated in 1956, recognizing a single book published during the preceding two years. Since the beginning three renditions—that is, from 1962—information technology has recognized a living author for a lasting contribution, considering his or her complete works. All the same, a "Runner-Upward List" with unmarried volume titles was published from 1960 to 1964. [Pages 15–16. This source does not identify those runners-upward or report their number.]
    Glistrup, Eva (2002). "Half a Century of the Hans Christian Andersen Awards". The Hans Christian Andersen Awards, 1956–2002. International Board on Books for Immature People. Gyldendal. 2002. Pages 14–21. Hosted past Austrian Literature Online (literature.at). Retrieved 2013-07-22.

References [edit]

  1. ^ "A contraction in fourth dimension". LC Online Catalog. Library of Congress (lccn.loc.gov). Retrieved 2016-10-30.
  2. ^ a b L'Unji, Madeleine (2007). "Go Fish: Questions for the Author", A Wrinkle in Time. New York: Foursquare fish. p. 236. ISBN978-0-312-36754-1.
  3. ^ Chase, Carole F. (1998). Suncatcher: A Study of Madeleine Fifty'Engle And Her Writing. Philadelphia: Innisfree Press, Inc. p. 170. ISBN1-880913-31-3.
  4. ^ a b c Thomas. (2006). L'engle, Madeleine. In Due east. One thousand. Dowling, & W. G. Scarlett (Eds.), Encyclopedia of religious and spiritual evolution. G Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Retrieved from https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/sagersd/l_engle_madeleine/0
  5. ^ a b Cullinan, B. E. (2005). L'engle, Madeleine. In B. E. Cullinan, & D. G. Person (Eds.), Continuum encyclopedia of children'southward literature. London, UK: Continuum. Retrieved from https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/kidlit/l_engle_madeleine/0
  6. ^ a b c d e Bailey, Sarah Pulliam. "Publishers rejected her, Christians attacked her: The deep religion of 'A Contraction in Time' author Madeleine L'Engle." Washington Postal service, 8 Mar. 2018. Biography In Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/medico/A530261696/BIC?u=wash43584&sid=BIC&xid=a8c7637d. Accessed 29 Nov. 2018.
  7. ^ a b c d Martin, Douglas (September 8, 2007). "Madeleine Fifty'Engle, Writer of Children'southward Classics, Is Dead at 88". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
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  9. ^ L'Engle, Madeleine (1987). A Wrinkle in Fourth dimension, 25th Anniversary Collectors' Edition (Express ed.). ikNew York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. pp. viii–nine.
  10. ^ L'Engle, Madeleine (January 1971). A Circle of Placidity. ISBN0-374-12374-8.
  11. ^ a b L'Engle, Madeleine (1972). A Circle of Placidity . New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. pp. v–half dozen, 21, 66, 217–218. ISBN0-374-12374-8.
  12. ^ Melcher, Michael (September 8, 2007). "What I Learned from Madeleine L'Engle". HuffPost . Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  13. ^ a b c d "Macmillan". US Macmillan . Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  14. ^ a b c L'Engle, Madeleine (2004). "A Special Bulletin from Madeleine L'Engle". Teachers @ Random: A Wrinkle in Time. Random House, Inc. Retrieved Apr 19, 2015.
  15. ^ "It'southward Time to Read A Contraction in Time". Foursquare Fish Books. 2007. Archived from the original on March 3, 2007. Retrieved March 1, 2007.
  16. ^ a b Humankind - Religion - Spirituality. (1988). In J. B. Simpson, Simpson's contemporary quotations. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. Retrieved from https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/simpsons/humankind_religion_spirituality/0
  17. ^ Chan, Sewell (November 30, 2008). "Repaired After Burn down, Cathedral Reopens". The New York Times.
  18. ^ Hettinga, Donald (1998), "A Contraction in Faith: The unique spiritual pilgrimage of Madeleine Fifty'Engle", Books & Civilisation: A Christian Review, Christianity today
  19. ^ a b Stott, Jon (Fall 1977). "Midsummer Dark's Dreams: Fantasy and Cocky-Realization in Children'south Fiction". The Lion and the Unicorn. 1 (2): 25–39. doi:10.1353/uni.0.0401. S2CID 145776252. ; cited in Hettinga, pp. 27, 30.
  20. ^ a b c Hettinga, p. 26
  21. ^ Fulton, Jean C (2002). "A Wrinkle in Time". In Kelleghan, Fiona (ed.). Classics of Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature. Vol. 2. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press. pp. 597–98. Archived from the original on January three, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2012. ...the importance of both private initiative and family unit interaction is a thematic thread. L'Engle made both the Murry adults highly talented, both intellectually and scientifically. This was atypical of fiction published in the 1950s, when the book was written. Female characters rarely were featured equally intellectuals or scientists. Fifty'Engle has been praised for this departure as well as for her creation of strong female characters. Critics fifty-fifty suggested that in making Meg the protagonist in A Contraction in Fourth dimension, L'Engle opened the door for the many female protagonists who have appeared in more recent fantasy and science fiction.
  22. ^ "A wrinkle in time excerpt". The Wall Street Journal.
  23. ^ Maloney, Jennifer (April 16, 2015). "A New 'Wrinkle in Time'". The Wall Street Journal.
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  26. ^ Blackburn, William (1985). "Madeleine L'Engle's A Contraction in Time: Seeking the Original Face". Touchstones: Reflections on the All-time in Children'south Literature. i: 125. ; cited in Hettinga, pp. 27.
  27. ^ Doll, Jen (Jan 30, 2017). "eleven Immature-Adult Books for Stoking the Feminist Burn". The Strategist . Retrieved Apr 29, 2019.
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  29. ^ Paul, Pamela (January 27, 2012). "'A Wrinkle in Time' and Its Sci-Fi Heroine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved Apr 29, 2019.
  30. ^ "A Wrinkle IN TIME by Madeleine L'Engle". Kirkus Reviews. March 1, 1962. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
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External links [edit]

  • Madeleine L'Engle (madeleinelengle.com)
  • A Contraction in Time reviewed at The Open Critic
  • A Wrinkle in Fourth dimension title listing at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
  • A Wrinkle in Time (Telly) (mini) at IMDb
  • Official book site for the May 2007 release.
Awards
Preceded by

The Bronze Bow

Newbery Medal recipient
1963 		Succeeded by

It's Like This, True cat

haydonridn1941.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Wrinkle_in_Time